Anglican Commemoration
Sadhu & Evangelist
June 19 · d. 1929
also known as Sadhu Sundar Singh, Sundar Singh of Punjab
Sundar Singh was a Sikh boy of the Punjab who met the risen Christ in a vision and gave the rest of his life to following him, not in the clothes of a Western convert but in the saffron robe of an Indian holy man, a sadhu. Barefoot and penniless, he carried the gospel across India and up into the Himalayas toward Tibet, insisting that Christ belonged to his own people as much as to anyone. In 1929 he set out once more for the mountains and was never seen again.
Sundar Singh was born in 1889 at Rampur in the Punjab, in the north of British India, into a devout and well-to-do Sikh family, and as a boy he hungered for God and could not find peace. He searched the Sikh and Hindu scriptures, he was sent to a Christian mission school, and the more the missionaries pressed their faith on him the more he hated it; in his anger he once tore a Bible apart and burned the pages. By the age of fifteen he was in despair, and he resolved that if God did not show himself before morning he would lay his head on the railway line and let the train end his life.
He spent that night in prayer, and before the dawn of a December morning in 1904 he saw, by his own account, the living Christ standing in the room, not the figure of any picture he had been shown, but a presence of light who spoke to him in love and asked how long he would go on running away. He rose a Christian, and it cost him everything: his family disowned him, and tradition says they tried to poison him before they cast him out. He had gained Christ and lost his home in a single night.
Then he made the choice that defined his life. He would not put on a black coat and become a Western kind of Christian, as if the gospel were a foreign thing that came wearing English clothes. Instead he took the saffron robe of the sadhu, the wandering holy man of India, kept nothing, and went out barefoot to carry Christ to his own people in the form they already honored, the homeless seeker after God. For more than twenty years he walked, through the Punjab and across the north of India, up into the Himalayan foothills and over the passes toward Tibet, preaching in parables and living on what was given him. People called him the apostle with the bleeding feet. What he had found he set down with great simplicity in a little book of his teaching: Prayer is an effort to lay hold of God Himself, the Author of life, he wrote, and when we have found him who is the source of life, the whole of life is ours.
He told, too, of wonders on his hardest journeys, of being kept alive in the snows and of holy men hidden in the mountains, and not everyone believed him; in his own lifetime learned men argued over his stories, for he kept no records and traveled with no one who could confirm them. The church can be honest about that and still hold his witness dear, for the heart of his life was never in dispute: that he gave up wealth and family and comfort to walk after Christ, and that he proved with his bleeding feet that the gospel is not the property of the West but belongs to every people on earth. In the spring of 1929, old before his time and worn out, he set his face once more toward Tibet and climbed up into the mountains, and he was never seen again. The church does not know where he died, or how. It knows only the One he had gone to find, and into whose hills he disappeared still seeking the lost.
How we know Sundar Singh is from a modern but partly contested record, and an honest account says so. The firm outline of his life rests on his own published books and addresses, chief among them At the Master's Feet (1922), and on the biographies written by people who knew him, above all the 1921 study by B. H. Streeter and A. J. Appasamy, who took down his words firsthand, and the later memoir of his friend C. F. Andrews. The plain facts are secure: his Sikh birth and upbringing, his conversion in 1904, his life as a Christian sadhu, his journeys toward Tibet, and his disappearance in 1929. What was disputed, even in his lifetime, was the more marvelous part of his testimony, the visions and the wonders of the high mountains, which European critics doubted because he kept no diaries and traveled alone. The best way to read him is the way the church reads any witness: to receive his testimony with reverence while being candid that the visionary episodes are his own account and not independently proven.
Sundar Singh is commemorated in Anglican calendars, including that of the Anglican Church in North America, as an evangelist, kept on June 19. He has become the patron, in a sense, of everyone who has argued that Christian faith need not arrive in Western dress: missiologists and Asian theologians look back to him as a pioneer of what later generations called the indigenization of the gospel, the conviction that Christ can be honored in the spiritual forms of one's own culture. The enduring image of him is the saffron-robed sadhu walking barefoot into the snows with the gospel, the man who refused the false choice between the Lord he had found and the people he had been born among.
Further reading. His own teaching is best met in At the Master's Feet (1922), a short book of dialogues, and in The Search After Reality (1925). The earliest and still valuable study is B. H. Streeter and A. J. Appasamy, The Sadhu: A Study in Mysticism and Practical Religion (1921). For a modern, accessible life, see Janet and Geoff Benge, Sundar Singh: Footprints Over the Mountains.
Online resources. At the Master's Feet, The Search After Reality, and Streeter and Appasamy's The Sadhu are all in the public domain and freely available at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library and the Internet Archive.
Almighty and everlasting God, you called your servant Sundar Singh to preach the Gospel to the people of India and Tibet: Raise up in this and every land evangelists and heralds of your kingdom, that your Church may proclaim the unsearchable riches of our Savior Jesus Christ; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever. Amen.
Readings for a Missionary or Evangelist
Isaiah 49:1–7Psalm 98Romans 10:11–18Luke 5:1–11