Anglican Commemoration
Catechist & Martyr in Mashonaland
June 18 · d. 1896
also known as Bernard Mizeke
Bernard Mizeki was an African catechist, born in Mozambique, who carried the Christian faith to the Shona people of Mashonaland and put their language into Christian words, translating much of the Bible and the Prayer Book into Chishona. When the land rose in revolt in 1896 and Christians were marked as enemies, he refused to abandon the people he had been sent to serve, and was killed for it. He is honored as the first Black African martyr of the Anglican church.
Bernard Mizeki was born around the year 1861 at Inhambane, on the coast of what was then Portuguese East Africa and is today Mozambique. As a boy of about twelve he left home for Cape Town, far to the south, and spent ten hard years there as a laborer in the slums of the colonial city. It was there, at an Anglican night school run by the Cowley Fathers, that he learned to read and learned of Christ, and in 1886 he was baptized. He had a remarkable gift for languages, and the missionaries trained him as a catechist, a teacher of the faith who would stand between the European clergy and the African people and make the gospel speak in their own tongue.
In 1891 he went north with the first Anglican bishop of Mashonaland into the country that was becoming Southern Rhodesia, today Zimbabwe, and settled among the Nhowe people near the place now called Marondera. There he did the quiet, foundational work of a catechist: he built a mission on a high plateau, he learned the Shona language until he could pray and teach in it, he gathered the children to read, and he gave himself to the long labor of translation, putting much of the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer into Chishona so that the people could hear the word of God in the words they were born to. He married a local woman, Mutwa, who had become a Christian. For five years the mission grew.
Then in 1896 the people of the land rose against the British who had taken it, in the revolt the Shona remember as the First Chimurenga. It was a rising against the colonizers, and because the Christian teachers were taken for the colonizers' men, the catechists became targets. Mizeki was warned that his life was in danger and urged to flee to safety. He would not go. He had been placed among these people and had made himself responsible for them, and he would not leave them to save himself. On the night of the eighteenth of June, 1896, he was called out of his hut and struck down with spears on the hillside below his mission.
What happened next the church has remembered ever since, though no document proves it. His wife and a companion, going up the hill to where he had fallen, told of a great light over the place and a sound like the rushing of many wings, and that when they came to the spot his body was gone, and they never found it to bury. So the church that lost his grave kept the man. On the hill where he died a shrine was raised, and every June, for more than a hundred years now, pilgrims have climbed it from across southern Africa to give thanks for the catechist who would not run, the African who gave his own people Christ in their own language and then gave his life rather than leave them. He has no tomb to visit. He did not need one. The church trusts that the God he served will raise him on the last day, whole, with the people he loved gathered around him.
How we know Bernard Mizeki is partly through firm record and partly through living memory. The documented facts are real and sourced: his baptism in 1886 under the Society of St John the Evangelist, his recruitment for the Mashonaland mission in 1891, his work as a catechist among the Nhowe, his Chishona translations of much of the Bible and Prayer Book, his marriage to Mutwa, and his death on June 18, 1896, during the uprising. These rest on the sparse mission records of the period and on the standard modern biography, Jean Farrant's Mashonaland Martyr (Oxford, 1966). The most dramatic details of his death, the light on the hillside, the sound of wings, and the disappearance of his body, belong to the devotional memory of the community rather than to independent contemporary documentation, and are best received as the church's tradition. That tradition is not a faded thing: the annual pilgrimage to his shrine near Marondera, drawing crowds each June, is itself the strongest living testimony to how his memory has been carried.
Bernard Mizeki is honored across the Anglican Communion, and especially in the Church of the Province of Central Africa, as the first widely commemorated Black African Anglican martyr. His feast is June 18. The annual pilgrimage to the shrine built on the site of his death, near Marondera in Zimbabwe, is one of the great gatherings of African Anglicanism, and the nearby Bernard Mizeki College keeps his name. He has come to stand for something the wider church needed to see plainly: that the gospel in Africa was not only carried by European missionaries but was received, taught, and sealed in blood by Africans themselves, and that an African catechist who loved his people in their own language belongs among the great witnesses of the faith.
Further reading. The standard biography is Jean Farrant, Mashonaland Martyr: Bernard Mizeki and the Pioneer Church (Oxford University Press, 1966), long out of print but the documentary spine of everything written since.
Online resources. The Dictionary of African Christian Biography carries two sourced entries on Mizeki (by Frederick Quinn and Janet Hodgson) at dacb.org.
Almighty God, you gave your servant Bernard Mizeki boldness to confess the Name of our Savior Jesus Christ before the rulers of this world, and courage to die for this faith: Grant that we may always be ready to give a reason for the hope that is in us, and to suffer gladly for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ; who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
British (Received Pronunciation): Bernard /ˈbɜːnəd/
Readings for a Martyr
Jeremiah 15:15–21Psalm 34Revelation 7:9–17Luke 12:4–12