Lesslie Newbigin (1909-1998) was a Scottish Presbyterian and later Anglican bishop, missionary theologian, and leading figure in twentieth-century missiology. Serving as Bishop of Madurai and Ramnad in the Church of South India, he was instrumental in founding the International Missionary Council and World Council of Churches. His theological work on mission, Gospel and pluralism, and the witness of the Church in secular society profoundly shaped ecumenical missiology and post-Christendom theology.

Newbigin is honored in Anglican, Presbyterian, and ecumenical circles as one of the greatest missiologists of the twentieth century. His conviction that the Church's primary task is to bear witness to the Gospel in its local context—whether in India's Hindu-majority society or England's secular post-Christendom—established a framework for thinking about Christian inculturation and witness. He exemplifies the Anglican commitment to theological rigor, ecumenical cooperation, and the contextualization of faith. His late-life urban ministry in Birmingham demonstrated that missionary theology is not peripheral to Western church life but central to faithful witness in secular societies. The Gospel in a Pluralist Society remains foundational for post-Christendom ecclesiology and missiology.

James Edward Lesslie Newbigin was born in Newcastle, England, on December 8, 1909. Educated at Cambridge and ordained in the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, he served briefly in Scotland before offering himself for missionary service in India in 1936. He served with the Church of Scotland mission in South India and was ordained bishop in the Church of South India in 1947, becoming Bishop of Madurai and Ramnad from 1947 to 1974. During his 38 years in India, he developed a sophisticated theology of mission and inculturation, working to establish indigenous Indian Christian leadership and thought. He was elected chair of the Commission on Faith and Order of the World Council of Churches (1954-1968) and served as director of the Missionary Division of the WCC. After retiring from India and returning to England at age 65, Newbigin did not retire from ministry but instead accepted pastoral responsibility in a United Reformed Church congregation in inner-city Birmingham (1980-1989), ministering in a secular, post-Christian English context. This late-life urban pastorate informed his final and most prophetic work, specifically his book The Gospel in a Pluralist Society (1989), which addressed the challenge of Christian witness in pluralistic, secular Western societies. His other major works include Foolishness to the Greeks (1986), The Other Side of 1984 (1983), and The Open Secret (1978). He died on January 31, 1998, having profoundly influenced Anglican and ecumenical thought on mission, contextualization, and the nature of Gospel witness in both non-Christian and post-Christian contexts.

• Bishop
• Missionary
• Ecumenist